Augmented Reality in Food productiontraceability
Keywords—Augmented Reality, Mobile application, Food traceability,
Mobile Augmented Reality, Food labeling, Food production.
Abstract— The contemporary food
supply chain should adequately provide information that consumers and other
concerned bodies need to know such as variety of the food attributes, country
of origin, way of production etc. This paper discusses the use of Augmented
Reality (AR) applications for the needs of food traceability. The aim of this
paper is to provide an update on the contemporary knowledge and scientific
development of mobile augmented reality (MAR) in food production and packaging
systems, and to identify future needs for bringing the Augmented Reality (AR)
to the food market. By showing the case of a developed mobile app based on
Augmented Reality, this paper gives an example of the usage of MAR in food
packaging.
FOOD PRODUCTION TRACEABILITY
A.Food
packaging Despite the important role packaging plays, it is often regarded as a
necessary evil or an unnecessary cost [16]. Packaging has been defined as a
socio-scientific discipline which operates in society to ensure delivery of
goods to the ultimate consumer of those goods in the best condition intended
for their use [17]. The packaging sector represents about 2% of Gross National
Product (GNP) in developed countries and about half of all packaging is used to
package food. average, around 25% of the ex-factory cost of consumer foods
provides the incentive and the challenge for food packaging technologists to
design and develop functional packages at minimum cost [1]. Traditionally,
there are four basic functions of packaging: to protect the product against the
deteriorative effects of the external environment, to communicate with the
consumer as a marketing tool, to enable easier usage of products, and to
contain products of various sizes and shapes.
The food industry is especially
under pressure since the regulations and requirements imposed on it, with
respect to traceability, have increased dramatically. It is now an important
tool in ensuring the quality of products, for informing and protecting the end
users of the product.
B.Traceability The first priority of food traceability is
the protection of consumers through faster and precise identification of the
products being monitored. This is of paramount importance if the product is
asked to withdraw from the supply chain. European legislation has only one
notion defined in the monitoring process – traceability, despite the fact that
other introduced and defined systems recognize two concepts:
1. Tracking – the
process of tracking products from the beginning to the end of the production,
sales and distribution chain during which all relevant information is recorded.
2. Traceability - a process that describes and connects all the information
collected during product tracking for the purpose of reconstructing its past
and condition at each point of the chain through which the product has passed
(Figure 1.). Fig. 1 Two concepts of food traceability Since the early days, the
food industry has had simple traceability systems, but with the increasing
application of ISO 9000 quality management standards in food production,
traceability systems have become more advanced and covered more information and
more steps in the production chain [15]. The ever-present topic of genetically
modified soybeans also contributed to greater attention to traceability in the
supply chain.
Traceability is an essential quality management subsystem.
However, the development of advanced internal monitoring systems has triggered
the demand for environmentally-friendly data collection, plant control and
quality assurance. This demand has led to growing interest in collecting data
from more than one control system, which in turn required the establishment of
a traceability system with a high degree of precision.
Traceability is also a
system in itself, and it needs to be cared for in an appropriate way to fit
inwith real needs. To ensure that all conditions are met and traceability is
high, awareness of different traceability characteristics is required [14].
According to the European Parliament regulation 178/2002 a food business operator
responsible for retail or distribution activities which do not affect the
packaging, labelling, safety or integrity of the food shall, within the limits
of its respective activities, initiate procedures to withdraw products from the
market which are not in compliance with the food-safety requirements and shall
participate in contributing to the safety of the food by passing on relevant
information necessary to trace a food, cooperating in the action taken by
producers, processors, manufacturers and/or the competent authorities [13]. 2
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